Kodi kuchenjera kumatanthauza chiyani m'Baibulo?
Tanthauzo la anzeru. Kodi kuchenjera ndi chiyani m'Baibulo? Nzeru ( mu Greek frónesis, wa fronéo. Ndili ndi chiweruzo, ndikuganiza molunjika, ndikulangiza ; mu Latin prudentia, of providens), kuyambira kale, luso lolumikizidwa ndi praxis, luso labwino loyendetsa bwino zinthu mwadongosolo zochita kuti zitheke.
Khama la akatswiri anzeru zakale lidasiyanitsa nzeru za sayansi ndi ndale (Plato, Prot. 352c; Aristotle, Eth. Ad Nic. 6, 8). M'dziko lachilatini, kulingalira mwanzeru, kulumikizana kwake ndi nzeru, kumakhala kopambana.
Tanthauzo la kuzindikira mu Baibulo . Mu Chipangano Chakale, mawu ofanana ndi fronitis amawoneka akusonyeza kumvetsetsa, kuzindikira, luntha. M'Chipangano Chatsopano kulingalira kumafotokozedwera pamakhalidwe oyenera kulingalira, kusunga chifuniro cha Mulungu, kuzindikira (dokimazein) (Mt 7 24-27 ′, Lc 16,1-9. Aroma 8,5; 1 1 , 25: 12,16 1 Cor 1,17-21; 1'4,20; Flp 3,19), M'chiwonetsero chakumadzulo kuchedwetsa kulingalira kumakhalabe ndichikhalidwe cha ukoma chomwe chimawongolera zochita mokwanira mpaka kumapeto; nchifukwa chake ndi ukatswiri waluntha, womwe umakwaniritsa chifukwa, komanso chikhalidwe, chifukwa umakwaniritsa chifukwa chenicheni (St. Thomas, S. Th. 11-11, q. 47, iye, 4c amapita, 1 3).
Motsatizana, magawikidwe amafilosofi amalingaliro ndi machitidwe adathetsedwa kwathunthu pakuwunika kopitilira muyeso kwa nzeru zomwe zimawerengedwa ngati njira zakunja kuti zithandizire kuchitapo kanthu.
Mwambo wa Anglo-Saxon (Hume) umaphatikizaponso kuchenjera pankhani yosunga mwana; Amayamikiridwanso chifukwa chofunikira pakuletsa zilakolako zaumunthu. Mwa oganiza pambuyo pake, kulingalira kumakhalabe ndi gawo lofunikira pamachitidwe azikhalidwe (Kant amafotokoza izi ndichofunikira); ndiye kuti, imakhala ndi semantics yokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe.
Kuchenjera, monga mphamvu yomwe imakwaniritsa chifukwa chenicheni (chifukwa chake tanthauzo lanzeru loti kulingalira moyenera agibilium: chifukwa chowongoka choti zinthu zichitike), ilibe cholinga chake, monga maubwino ena onse. Komabe, imapezeka pakachitidwe kalikonse kabwino ndi momwe imakhalira (kuwunika kwamakhalidwe makamaka), POI ndi mawonekedwe ake enieni, nzeru zimayikidwa mkati mwamphamvu ya mtundu wonse wamalingaliro, Makhalidwe abwinobwino a chidziwitso chaumunthu amapanga ulemu wa kuzindikira kuzindikira koyenera kwamakhalidwe abwino, zabwino za munthu; imafunikira kulangidwa kwabwino pazochitika zomveka bwino zomwe zimayamika mikhalidwe yamakhalidwe ndikuwukitsa gulu lazogulitsa.
Chifukwa chake, Pali maubwino ena achiwiri omwe ali mbali yanzeru: kusamala, kulingalira, kusamala, kudzikweza, kuchepa, ndi zina zambiri.
Pokambirana zamakhalidwe pakali pano, kulingalira kumawonekera potengera kulingalira komwe kumatsimikizira machitidwe (chikhalidwe chokhazikika), koma - makamaka mdziko la Anglo-Saxon - limaphunzitsidwanso mwanjira yofanizira kupembedza kwamakono, komwe kumayang'ana machitidwe amachitidwe kugwira ntchito yodziwitsa anthu (mwadala osati kungomalizidwa) m'munda uliwonse (praxis filosofi ndi machitidwe okhazikika).
T Rossi
Baibulo.: Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, De Prudentia, 11-11, qq 47-56; D Mongillo, Prudencia, mu NDTM 1551-1570; D Tettamanzi, Prudencia, mu DTI, III, 936-960: J Pieper Prudencia ndi kudziletsa, Madrid 1969
PACOMIO, Luciano [et al.], Encyclopedic Theological Dictionary, Divine Word, Navarra, 1995