Zizindikiro za alaliki anayi
Alaliki anayiwo, Mateyu, Maliko, Luka, ndi Yohane, akuyimiridwa mchikhalidwe chachikhristu ndi zizindikilo zawo. Zizindikiro izi ndi zinthu zamoyo. Potero munthu / mngelo amatchula za uthenga wabwino, molingana ndi Mateyu, mkango kwa Marko, ng'ombe / ng'ombe / ng'ombe kwa Luka, ndipo pamapeto pake mphungu imapita kwa Yohane.
Zizindikirozi zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira pomwe Chikhristu chidayamba. Chiyambi chogwiritsa ntchito zizindikirazi chitha kupezeka mu Chipangano Chakale, makamaka m'masomphenya omwe aneneri adalandira.
Matthew Mark Luke ndi John ziphiphiritso.
Zizindikiro za alaliki ndizochokera m'malemba a Chipangano Chakale. Nyama zinayi zikuwonekera m'masomphenya angapo a aneneri.
Tanthauzo la zizindikilo zinayi za alaliki
Mlaliki Mateyu
Uthenga wabwino woyamba, wa wolemba Mateyu, umayamba ndi mzera wobadwira, banja la anthu la Yesu Khristu. Chifukwa cha chiyambi cha umunthu ichi, Matthew adapeza chiphiphiritso chaumunthu.
Mlaliki Marcus
Uthenga wachiwiri m'Baibulo unalembedwa ndi Maliko. Kuyambira pachiyambi cha uthenga wake wabwino Maliko akulemba za Yohane Mbatizi ndikukhala mchipululu komanso chifukwa akutchulanso kuti Yesu adakhala mchipululu Marko adapatsidwa mkango ngati chizindikiro. M'nthawi ya Yesu panali mikango m'chipululu.
Mlaliki Lukas
Luka adapatsidwa ng'ombe ngati chiphiphiritso chifukwa amalankhula za Zakariya yemwe kumayambiriro kwa uthenga wachitatu akupereka nsembe m'kachisi ku Yerusalemu.
Mlaliki John
Uthenga wachinayi ndi womaliza ukuwonetsedwa ndi chiwombankhanga kapena mphungu. Izi zikukhudzana ndi kuthawa kwanzeru kwambiri komwe mlaliki uyu amatenga kuti apereke uthenga wake. Kutali (Yohane akulemba mochedwa kuposa alaliki enawo), akulongosola za moyo ndi uthenga wa Yesu Khristu ndi diso lakuthwa.
Zinyama zinayi ndi Danieli
Danieli ankakhala ku Babele pa nthawi ya ukapolo. Daniel adalandira masomphenya angapo. Nyama zinayi zimapezeka mwa imodzi mwa izo. Zinyama zinayi izi sizikugwirizana kwenikweni ndi zifaniziro zinayi zomwe pambuyo pake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa alaliki.
Danieli adadzuka nati, Ndidawona masomphenya usiku ndipo ndidawona, mphepo zinayi zakumwamba zidasokoneza nyanja yayikulu, ndipo zilombo zinayi zazikulu zidanyamuka m'nyanja, chosiyana ndi chimzake. Yoyamba idawoneka ngati mkango, ndipo chinali ndi mapiko a mphungu. [..] Ndipo tawonani, nyama ina, yachiwiri, idafanana ndi chimbalangondo; inamanga mbali imodzi, ndipo nthiti zitatu zinali pakamwa pake pakati pa mano ake, ndipo zinayankhula naye motere: Nyamuka, idya nyama yambiri.
Pamenepo ndidapenya, tawonani, nyama ina, ngati panther; chinali ndi mapiko anayi a mbalame kumbuyo kwake ndi mitu inayi. Ndipo adapatsidwa ulamuliro. Kenako ndidawona m'malingaliro ausiku ndikuwona, a chinyama chachinayi , zowopsa, zowopsa komanso zamphamvu; idali ndi mano akulu achitsulo: idadya ndikupera, ndipo chomwe chidatsalira, chidachepetsa ndi miyendo yake; ndipo chirombo ichi chinali chosiyana ndi onse akale, ndipo chinali ndi nyanga khumi (Danieli 7: 2-8).
Zizindikiro zinayi mu Ezekieli
Mneneri Ezekieli adakhala m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi BC . Anapereka uthenga wake kwa andende ku Babele. Uthenga wake umatenga mawonekedwe azinthu zodabwitsa, mawu amulungu, ndi masomphenya. Pali nyama zinayi m'masomphenya a Ezekieli.
Ndipo ndidawona ndipo tawonani, mkuntho udadza kuchokera kumpoto, mtambo wakuda ndi moto wonyezimira wozunguliridwa ndi kunyezimira; mkatimo, pakati pa moto, panali chomwe chimawoneka ngati chonyezimira chachitsulo. Ndipo pakati pake panali zooneka ngati zamoyo zinayi, ndipo mawonekedwe ake anali otero: anali nawo mawonekedwe a munthu, iliyonse inali nayo nkhope zinai, ndi yonse ya mapiko anayi. […] Ndipo nkhope zawo, zonse zinayi kumanja zimawoneka ngati a munthu ndi cha a mkango; ndi zinayi zonse kumanzere zija za a ng'ombe; onse anayi analinso ndi nkhope ya mphungu (Ezekieli 1: 4-6 & 10).
Pali malingaliro ambiri onena za tanthauzo la nyama zinayi zomwe zikuwoneka m'masomphenya oyitanira Ezekieli. M'zojambula zakale zakum'mawa zokopa za ku Egypt ndi Mesopotamiya, mwazinthu zina, zithunzi za zolengedwa zamapiko anayi zokhala ndi nkhope imodzi kapena zingapo zanyama zimadziwika. Awa ndi omwe amatchedwa 'onyamula akumwamba', zolengedwa zomwe zimanyamula kumwamba (Dijkstra, 1986).
Ng'ombe ikuyimira dziko lapansi, mkango, moto, chiwombankhanga, thambo, ndipo munthu madzi. Awo ndi magulu a nyenyezi amipanda anayi a ng'ombe, mkango, Aquarius, ndipo wachinayi, mphungu (Ameisenowa, 1949). Machaputala ochepa a Ezekieli, tikambirananso za nyama zinayi.
Ponena za magudumuwo, ankatchedwa Mawulungululu. Iliyonse inali ndi nkhope zinayi. Yoyamba inali ya a kerubi, ndipo chachiwiri chinali cha a munthu, chachitatu chinali nkhope ya a mkango, chachinayi chinali cha a mphungu (Ezekieli 10:13)
Zizindikiro zinai mu Chivumbulutso
Mtumwi Yohane amalandira masomphenya angapo ali ku Patmo. Mu umodzi wa nkhopezi, akuwona mpando wachifumu wapamwamba kwambiri, mpando wachifumu wa Mulungu. Iye akuwona nyama zinayi kuzungulira mpando wachifumu.
Ndipo pakati pa mpando wachifumuwo ndi pozinga mpandowo panali zamoyo zinayi, zodzala ndi maso kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Ndipo chirombo choyamba chidakhala ngati mkango, ndi chamoyo chachiwiri chidafanana ndi ng'ombe, ndi chamoyo chachitatu chinali ngati wamwamuna , ndi chamoyo chachinayi chinali ngati chowuluka mphungu. Ndipo zamoyo zinayi zinali ndi mapiko asanu ndi limodzi kutsogolo kwawo ndipo zinali zodzaza ndi maso mozungulira ndi mkati, ndipo zidapumula usana ndi usiku (Chivumbulutso 4: 6b-8a).
Pali nyama zinayi zozungulira mpando wachifumuwo. Nyama zinayi izi ndi mkango, ng'ombe, nkhope ya munthu, ndi chiwombankhanga. Zonsezi ndi zizindikiro zinayi za Zodiac. Amapanga kuchuluka kwachilengedwe. Mwa nyama zinayi izi, mutha kuzindikira nyama zinayi kuchokera m'masomphenya a Ezekieli.
Zizindikiro zinayi zachiyuda
Pali mwambi wochokera kwa rabbi Berekhja ndi kalulu Bun womwe umati: wamphamvu kwambiri pakati pa mbalame ndi mphungu, wamphamvu kwambiri pakati pa nyama zoweta ndi ng'ombe, yamphamvu kwambiri pa nyama zakutchire ndi mkango, komanso yamphamvu kwambiri onse ndi mwamunayo. Midrash akuti: ‘munthu wakwezeka pakati pa zolengedwa, chiwombankhanga pakati pa mbalame, ng’ombe pakati pa nyama zoweta, mkango pakati pa nyama zamtchire; onse alandila ulamuliro, komabe ali pansi pagalimoto yopambana ya Muyaya (Midrash Shemoth R. 23) (Nieuwenhuis, 2004).
Kutanthauzira kwachikhristu koyambirira
Nyamazi zatengera tanthauzo lina mumiyambo yachikhristu yamtsogolo. Iwo akhala zizindikilo za alaliki anayi. Timapeza kutanthauziraku koyamba mu Irenaeus van Lyon (cha m'ma 150 AD), ngakhale zinali zosiyana pang'ono ndi miyambo yamatchalitchi (Mateyu - mngelo, Maliko - mphungu, Luka - ng'ombe ndi Yohane - mkango).
Pambuyo pake, Augustine waku Hippo akufotokozanso zizindikilo zinayi za alaliki anayiwo, koma mosiyana pang'ono (Mateyu - mkango, Maliko - mngelo, Luka - ng'ombe, ndi Yohane - mphungu). Ku Pseudo-Athanasius ndi Saint Jerome, timapeza kugawa kwa zizindikilo pakati pa alaliki momwe pamapeto pake zidadziwika mu miyambo yachikhristu (Mateyu - munthu / mngelo, Maliko - mkango, Luka - ng'ombe ndi Yohane - mphungu).
Zamkatimu