Mthandizi wamano akutenga ma radiation akakhala ndi pakati? .
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazina za kusatsimikizika kwakukulu ya akazi akatswiri mu Mafilimu : Ndi chiyani zoopsa za mwana nthawi yanga ya bere ?
Malinga ndi Bungwe la U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission , oyembekezera sayenera kuwululidwa kupitilira - 500 mayi - panthawi yake mimba yonse . Wanu khanda ndi lotetezeka ngati mugwiritsa ntchito zida zoteteza ndipo khalani 6 ′ kutali . Muyenera kukhala ndi fetal yowonera baji , nayenso.
Mthandizi wamano sapezeka kwenikweni, mwana wanu adzakhala bwino ngati mukukhala osamala.
Pakuwunika uku, tikambirana mfundo ziwiri: Kutulutsa Ma radiation ndipo Kuchita ntchito ndi katundu kapena kuyenda kolemera. Koma choyamba tiyeni tiike katswiri pantchito yake:
Malo mu Radiodiagnostic Service kapena Nuclear Medicine
A Professional atha kukhala ndi malo angapo mu Utumiki: Mu Radiology Yachizolowezi (onse mu Hospital Care ndi Primary Care kapena Health Centers), Mammography, CT chipinda, MRI, Ultrasound, Portable X-ray, Interventional Radiology, Opaleshoni Room, Densitometry, kapena PET ndi Spetc.
N'zotheka kuti, pamaso pa Kuyankhulana Mokakamizidwa a boma la Mimba , Professional atha kupezeka mchipatala ndi zida zonyamula, kapena mu Block Block yogwira ntchito ndi Arcs Opaleshoni kapena Angiographs.
Izi ndizofunikira: Malo Ogwirira Ntchito. Ngati mumagwira ntchito ku Zone A (Intervention), komwe chitetezo chimagwira ntchito komanso pafupi ndi zida, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti musinthe malo ogwirira ntchito. Chimodzimodzi mu Nuclear Medicine mu Radioisotope Handling Room.
Ngati mdera B (madera enawo), palibe umboni wowopsa wa mluza (kuyambira sabata lachisanu ndi chitatu mtsogolo, mwana wosabadwayo amatchedwanso mwana wosabadwayo)
Ntchito zapakhomo
M'malo aliwonse omwe atchulidwawa, tili ndi mavuto awiri odziwika pantchito ya Health omwe angakhudze Professional Professional:
- Katundu kapena Khama Lathupi
- Zotsatira za Kutulutsa Ma radiation
Katundu wakuthupi kapena kuyesetsa
Pazachipatala nthawi zambiri pamakhala zofunika kukweza odwala komanso kuyimitsa kapena kupindika pansi pamiyendo.
Ili ndiye malo oyambirira kupewa pamimba iliyonse: kulimbitsa thupi. Komabe ndakumana ndi oyembekezera anzanga, ndi ena omwe adakulangizani, kuvala thewera patsogolo ... Uku ndikulakwitsa: Chovala chotsogola ndi cholemera kwambiri.
Zotsatira za Kutentha Kwambiri
radiation imatha kubweretsa zovuta zachilengedwe zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti ndizokhazikika komanso zowoneka bwino. Pali zovuta zomwe zimafunikira mulingo wochepetsera mawonekedwe ake; ndiye kuti, zimachitika kokha pamene kuchuluka kwa radiation kumaposa mtengo winawake, kuchokera pamtengo uwu, kuopsa kwa zotsatirako kudzawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka komwe kulandiridwa.
Izi zimatchedwa deterministic . Zitsanzo za zotsatira zokhazokha zomwe zitha kuwonekera mu mluza ndi izi:
Kumbali inayi, pali zovuta zina zomwe sizikusowa kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe awo, kuphatikiza apo, kuthekera kwa mawonekedwe awo kudzawonjezeka ndi mlingowu. Akuyerekeza kuti ngati kuchuluka kwa radiation kungapitilize, mwayi womwe ungawonekere uwonjezeredwa.
Zotsatirazi zimatchedwa stochastics, ndipo zikawonekera, sizimasiyana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa zachilengedwe kapena zina. Khansa ndi chitsanzo cha zotsatira za stochastic.
Pakufunika mulingo wocheperako, kupewa kwa zotsatira zotsimikizika kumatsimikizika ndikukhazikitsa malire am'munsi pansipa. Pankhani ya zovuta za stochastic - pakalibe mlingo wodziwika wochepetsera kuthekera kwake - timakakamizidwa kuti tisunge milingo yolandila kwambiri momwe tingathere.
Mlingo
M'mayiko a European Union, ndizovomerezeka kuti mlingo womwe mwana wosabadwayo angalandire chifukwa chantchito ya amayi kuyambira pomwe mimba idakwaniritsidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa bere ndi 1mSv. Awa ndi malire omwe anthu angathe kulandira chifukwa chake adakhazikitsidwa kuti akhale mwana wosakhazikika potengera zamakhalidwe popeza mwana wosabadwayo satenga nawo mbali pachisankhochi ndipo samalandira phindu lililonse.
Kugwiritsa ntchito malirewa pochita izi kumafanana ndi kuchuluka kwa 2mSv yolandiridwa pamwamba pamimba (thunthu lotsika) la mkazi mpaka kumapeto kwa bere.
Koma, samalani: nayi fungulo: 'Radiophobia'. Chifukwa malire awa ndi ocheperako poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimafunikira pakuwonekera kwa mwana wosabadwa, popeza kutaya mimba, kubadwa kwa ziwalo zoberekera, kutsika kwa IQ kapena kufooka kwamisala kumafuna mlingo pakati pa 100 ndi 200 mSv: 50 kapena 100 nthawi yomwe imachepetsa.
Njira mutatha kupereka lipoti la mimba
Pofuna kuteteza mokwanira mwana, ndikofunikira kuti wogwira ntchitoyo wodziwikiratu, akangodziwa kuti ali ndi pakati, aziwuza munthu amene amayang'anira chitetezo cha malo omwe amagwirako ntchito komanso kwa munthu amene ali kuyang'anira kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma radioactive, omwe angakhazikitse njira zoyenera zotetezera kuti zitsimikizire kutsatira malamulo apano ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito yawo ikugwira bwino kuti isapangitse chiopsezo china kwa khanda.
Kuti muzitha kuchita zonsezi, ndikofunikira kuti mupereke dosimeter yapadera kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa mimba ndi kuwunika mosamala malo anu antchito, kuti mwayi wazomwe zingachitike ndi kuchuluka kwambiri kapena zophatikizika ndizochepa.
Mayi aliyense wapakati amene amagwira ntchito pamalo omwe mlingo wake chifukwa cha ma radiation umawonetsetsa kuti mlingowo ungasungidwe pansi pa 1mSv, atha kumverera kuti ndiotetezeka kuntchito nthawi yonse yomwe ali ndi pakati. Wogwira ntchito atha kupitiliza kugwira ntchito mu X-ray department, malingana ngati pali chitsimikizo chomveka chakuti kuchuluka kwa fetus kumatha kusungidwa pansi pa 1 mGy (1 msv) panthawi yapakati.
Potanthauzira izi, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti amayi apakati sangasankhidwe mosafunikira. Pali maudindo kwa onse ogwira nawo ntchito komanso owalemba ntchito. Udindo woyamba woteteza mwana wosabadwa umafanana ndi mayi yemweyo, yemwe amayenera kulengeza kuti ali ndi pakati ku oyang'anira akangotsimikizira izi.
Malangizo otsatirawa atengedwa kuchokera ku ICRP 84:
- Kuletsa mlingo sikutanthauza kuti ndikofunikira kuti amayi apakati apewe kugwira ntchito ndi ma radiation kapena zida za radioactive kwathunthu, kapena kuti ayenera kutetezedwa kuti asalowe kapena kugwira ntchito m'malo omwe ali ndi radiation. Zikutanthauza kuti wolemba anzawo ntchito awunikenso mosamala momwe amayi apakati ali pangozi. Makamaka, momwe amagwirira ntchito ayenera kukhala otere kuti mwayi wakumwa mwangozi kwambiri ndi kudya kwa radionuclide ndikosakwanira.
- Wogwira ntchito pochotsa ma radiation akadziwa kuti ali ndi pakati, pali njira zitatu zomwe zimaganiziridwa pafupipafupi m'malo azachipatala: 1) osasintha ntchito yomwe wapatsidwa, 2) asinthe kupita kumalo ena komwe kutulutsa radiation kungakhale kocheperako, kapena 3) pitani kuntchito yomwe ilibe chiwonetsero cha radiation. Palibe yankho limodzi loyenera pazochitika zonse, ndipo m'maiko ena pakhoza kukhala malamulo enaake. Ndikofunika kukambirana ndi wantchito. Wogwira ntchitoyo ayenera kudziwitsidwa za zoopsa zomwe zingachitike, komanso kuchuluka kwa mlingo womwe angalandire.
- Kusintha kukagwira ntchito komwe kulibe kutentha kwa dzuwa nthawi zina kumafunsidwa kwa ogwira ntchito apakati omwe amazindikira kuti zoopsa zake ndizocheperako, koma safuna kuvomereza chiwopsezo chilichonse. Wothandiziranso ntchito angapewe zovuta mtsogolo ngati wogwira ntchito kwa mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto lachibadwa lobadwa (lomwe limachitika pafupifupi pafupifupi atatu mwa 100 obadwa). Njirayi siyofunikira pakupanga chitetezo cha radiation, ndipo zikuwonekeratu kuti zimatengera kuti malowo ndi akulu mokwanira komanso kusinthasintha kuti athe kudzaza malowa.
- Kusintha paudindo wokhala ndi zovuta zochepa zachilengedwe ndizothekanso. Mu radiodiagnosis, izi zitha kuphatikizira kusamutsa katswiri wa fluoroscopy kupita ku CT Room kapena kudera lina komwe kuli ma radiation ochepa kwa ogwira ntchito. M'madipatimenti azamankhwala, zida zaukadaulo zitha kuletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali mu radiopharmacy kapena kugwira ntchito ndi mayankho a ayodini okhudzana ndi radioactive. Pakuthandizira ma radiation ndi magwero osindikizidwa, anamwino apakati kapena akatswiri sangatenge nawo gawo la brachytherapy manual.
- Kuganizira zamakhalidwe abwino kumaphatikizapo njira zina zomwe wogwira ntchito wina angawonjezere kuwonongedwa kwa radiation pomwe mnzake wogwira naye ntchito ali ndi pakati ndipo palibe njira ina iliyonse.
- Pali zochitika zambiri zomwe wantchito amafuna kupitiriza kugwira ntchito yomweyo, kapena wolemba anzawo ntchito angadalire kuti apitilize kugwira ntchito yomweyo kuti akhalebe osamalira odwala omwe nthawi zambiri amatha kupereka pantchito. Ntchito yogwirira Ntchito Kuchokera pakuyang'anira chitetezo cha radiation, izi ndizovomerezeka pokhapokha ngati kuchuluka kwa fetus kumatha kuyerekezedwa molondola ndipo kuli mkati mwa malire oyenera a mGy fetal dose pambuyo pa mimba. Zingakhale zomveka kuyesa malo ogwirira ntchito kuti mutsimikizire kuti kuchuluka kwa ngozi mwangozi sikungachitike.
- Malire oyeserera amagwiranso ntchito kwa mwana wosabadwa ndipo sangafanane mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa muyeso wa munthu. Dosimeter yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma radiology amatha kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa fetal mwa 10 kapena kupitilira apo. Ngati dosimeter yagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kwa thewera patsogolo pake, mulingo woyesedwayo uyenera kukhala wopitilira 100 nthawi yayikulu kuposa fetus. Ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a nyukiliya komanso othandizira ma radiation samavala ma epuroni otsogola ndipo amakhala ndi mphamvu zapamwamba zama photon. Ngakhale izi, kuchuluka kwa fetus sikuyenera kupitirira 25% ya muyeso wa dosimeter yanu.
Zolemba:
- Ogwira Ntchito Pachipatala cha Mayo. (2018). Kuyezetsa mano.
mayoclinic.com/health/dental-exam/MY01097 - Mitundu ya x-ray yamano. (2015).
my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments_and_procedures/hic_Dental_Check-up/hic_Types_of_Dental_X-rays - Mimba ndi kubadwa: Epidurals ndi mankhwala opha ululu othetsa ululu. (2018).
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279567/ - Apaulendo apakati. (2017).
wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/pregnant-travelers
Zamkatimu
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- Zotsatira za Kutentha Kwambiri
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